The 2025 AI Index Report

Stanford University (HAI) • 2025

Eighth annual report tracking global AI trends. U.S. private AI investment reached $109.1 billion in 2024, nearly 12x China's $9.3 billion, while generative AI alone attracted $33.9 billion globally.

The State of AI in 2025: Agents, Innovation, and Transformation

McKinsey & Company • 2025

Finds 23% of organizations are already scaling agentic AI systems. Despite widespread adoption, only 39% report enterprise-level EBIT impact — highlighting a persistent gap between experimentation and value capture.

The Global Impact of AI: Mind the Gap

International Monetary Fund (IMF) • 2025

Examines AI's uneven global effects. The estimated growth impact in advanced economies could be more than double that of low-income countries, driven by differences in sectoral exposure, preparedness, and data access.

Digital Progress and Trends Report 2025: Strengthening AI Foundations

World Bank • 2025

Finds high-income countries account for 87% of notable AI models despite representing 17% of the global population — yet middle-income countries now generate over 40% of ChatGPT's global traffic.

Energy and AI

International Energy Agency (IEA) • 2025

The most comprehensive analysis of the energy-AI nexus to date. Data center electricity consumption reached ~415 TWh in 2024 (~1.5% of global electricity), with renewables expected to meet nearly 50% of demand growth.

Governing with Artificial Intelligence

OECD • 2025

Examines 200 real-world examples of government AI use across 11 core functions — from public services to justice and anti-corruption. Over a third of individuals in OECD countries used generative AI tools in 2025.

LMSYS Chatbot Arena Leaderboard

LMSYS ORG • Live

A crowdsourced, blind side-by-side evaluation of LLMs to rank models based on human preference.

The economic potential of generative AI: The next productivity frontier

McKinsey Global Institute • 2023

Estimates generative AI could add up to $4.4 trillion in annual value to the global economy and has the potential to automate 60-70% of work activities.

Artificial intelligence and the economy: implications for central banks

Bank for International Settlements (BIS) • 2024

Provides firm-level evidence of productivity gains up to 56% for software developers using AI assistants, indicating a mechanism for increased corporate output.

Gen-AI: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work

International Monetary Fund (IMF) • 2024

Finds that nearly 40% of global employment is exposed to AI, with outcomes including potential labor displacement and augmentation.

Digital Development Report 2024: Artificial Intelligence to Accelerate Development

World Bank • 2024

Suggests AI presents a pathway for developing countries to accelerate human capital formation and improve the efficiency of public service delivery.

The 2024 AI Index Report

Stanford University (HAI) • 2024

Comprehensive annual report tracking AI trends. Highlights that global private investment in AI in 2023 was $25.2 billion.

Power Hungry: How AI Could Squeeze the Energy Supply

International Monetary Fund (IMF) • 2024

Projects that electricity demand from data centers for AI may exceed 1,000 TWh by 2026, an amount similar to Japan's total usage.